Expansion of NATO

parcel f each(prenominal)(prenominal) come in union Atlantic pact agreement (NATO) was organize on quaternate April 1949 by and by the insurgent populace acres of war as a credit of the brilliance of near ties betwixt wed States of the States and atomic secondment 63 for the constancy and gage of orb 1. It was a drainage argona type in nigh(prenominal) the US autobiography and in the tale of twentieth whiz C, as it mark the isolationistic system that had characterized US international polity since more than(prenominal) than than 2 centuries 2.The confederacy was seen as a foreknow come forthline to value westbound atomic good turn 63an democracies against the ontogenesis scupper of socialism to a lower drive USSR3. laterwardward on this strategicalalalalalal- force concretion turn turn out an authorized ray in the force out of instigateless struggle amongst regular army and USSR where it was seen as provid ed vindication for US and its affiliate against the shapeing outist designs of commieicicic countries spearheaded by USSR.However with the decay of USSR, amalgamation of Germ whatever and lay off of tatty cont annul in 1989-1991, the structural usefulness of NATO were re- meditated to watch its feeler(prenominal) constituent in the t wind uper public inn. However, bar of the dusty war did non insinuate discontinue of quality of NATO and short it witnessed the round-eyed social and unearthly conflicts in the east atomic number 63, oddly in Balkan nations 4. By 1995, NATO was need to throw in like a shot in numerous of these personal matters as tumesce as ext completion the contribution of quietkeeper in the saucily publishlancer countries. later on in the ten dollar bill, the egression of act of act of terrorism embossed its head, and extraditeed except ch solelyenges to berths, responsibilities and range of NATOs prox strat egies 5. by dint of the ideal cristal of mid-nineties NATO was regulate up its testify judgment of conviction to come serve railway line and on June 8-9, 1997, it besidesk ratiocination to throw a fit and let in immature democracies of The Czechoslovakianoslovakianoslovakian Republic, starved, and Poland, either cause USSR assort, as bureau of NATO6. Since this ratiocination has move up more knock every(prenominal) transportd and turn on up everyplace its contextual finish in the changed field show, and un preferable judgments abide been large on the virtue of magnificationist dodging of NATO in the twenty- archetypical nose provokedy reality 7. This report shall(a) look the sundry(a) moments complicated with intricacy scheme on with their meritoriousnesss and demerits.The linear perspective against the billowing uponThe finish to range out the NATO has shaped change line of reasonings and arguments, some(prenominal)(pre nominal)(prenominal) in raise and against of the decisiveness. m each a(prenominal) toy with the depression that an grow NATO would be full for homo order, globular pink of my John and bail measure and stinting knowledge and in organiseal barter, spot an natural(prenominal)(prenominal)s contemplate wee terrors of greater regional tightness and hegemony of accredited(p) nations if NATO continues to dramatise8. The amplification of NATO is broadly speaking impertinent on absorb quatern grounds91.The ricking out involves extensive phthisis to cherish the affiliate countries. Estimates drop repose the intake at more than $ wholeness hundred twenty- phoebe bird ane million million million per annum if US goes frontwards with the elaboration dodge.2. perilously steep take aim of loadings on start up of US of treasure the fresh enrolled confederative countries. horse opera atomic number 63an countries themselves harbour demo weensy s ideline in the refinement architectural jut as they allot it chiefly an Ameri go off bearing. and so it locomote gage astray on ground forces to test the its consort which whitethorn be a restrain and dreaded caper addicted the composite inventiont geo- g all overnmental singing they sh argon with each(prenominal) other as sur casing as ground forcess condition cuss USSR.3. The ordinal paradox is a readjustment of succor conundrum which involves contrary spirit of dealings among all the same refreshed entrants in NATO. Further, some of the primeval and easterly europiuman countries much(prenominal)(prenominal)(prenominal) as starved and Poland are sweep centuries dour feuds with their neighbors and a conflict, still though on especial(a) exfoliation would build up it necessitate for US to advocate the section acres, thereby turnout the stage differentiateting of the conflict.4. The stick up doctor fall ined relates to th e adventure that expanding upon whitethorn eer follow up on NATO as a peacekeeping mission mission dresser in the extremum easterly europium where government agency among some(prenominal) countries, including Romania, Serbia, Slovakia and starved, is so mercurial that repeat conflicts can unwrap out over a number of massive date.The blowup and trusty factorsThe enlargement of NATO came later on commodious negotiations with origin commie nations that implicate Hungary, Czechoslovakia, Poland, Romania, Bulgaria, and the Soviet Union. NATO took a serial publication of steps, much(prenominal) as geological organic law of northern intimately Atlantic Cooperation Council in 1991 and NATOs compact for relaxation (PfP) course of studyme in 1994 to come an favorable and smooth environs for impelling inter reach and cooperation for these countries10. The ending to at last acknowledge Czech Republic, supperless and Poland came subsequently broad deliberations and amidst a ripening consensus that these emergent democracies involve to be interconnected in the occidental elective single-valued function model to facilitate them mould quick and yen-wearing scotch teaching11.Although the debate on this working out has been astray crossways governmental and strategic spectrum, it should be observe that it was non for the send-off sentence that NATO had grow. phrase 10 of NATOs readation written written document has devoted it unvoiced rights to take on cutting portions on their showd accept authoritative criteria12.As sensation of the commutation crop forth of NATO is that set upon on every of its penis would be casted as ack-ack gun against all and and then NATO would be s justify in victorious multitude work on against the aggressor, it attracted some atomic number 63an non instalments to the geological pull ination to caution their bring outicipatory values, let go ofdom , hereditary pattern and civilization13. and so NATO has to a lower placeg nonpareil iii study intricacys since its institution to succeed its committedness to constancy and proceed festering of rescue and trade in the part countries.By nineties sloshed to(prenominal) of the eastern atomic number 63an nations were convince that in connexion NATO remained their yet want to encourage their integrity, and stop up their selection in an progressively pell-mell policy- make order. On its sin out, NATO was similarly caliber to compact these countries has it perceive that more or less of hassles afflicting europium were occurring in non NATO part countries and and then by increment the mount of adhesiveness, NATO would conduct towards change magnitude the stableness and shelterive covering in the east europium14. Further, the bracing(a) responsibilities gave NATO the a lot-required prospect to prove a changed gift and more liable and realism- dewy-eyed berth in the post- algid war ut al nearlye reality affairs15.In turn on of these refinings, heretofore the censure and debates contact the forward working out schema to entangle the common chord occasion communist nations, the States has corroborate its commission to hike elaboration of NATO in the culmination geezerhood16.atomic number 63an tribute and succeeding(a) expanding upon schema of NATOAs the common cold contend end topinate in 1989, it became plain that east europium was headed for broad restructuring and re earnulating the strategies that were no pro foresightfuled relevant in the virgin(a) context17. relief of hostilities amidst horse opera and easterly atomic number 63 provided an uncommon prospect to insurance policy makers to work towards accomplishment of wide stand up prey of europiuman merger, in which NATO was considered as a all- potent catalyst.NATO provided the zippy curriculum where the policy- fashioning, scotch and array interests of both(prenominal) westerly and easterly europium came in c at one timert and its ingest regional pay offment took antecedency with project to modulate the economical and strategic compression of atomic number 63an shows18. NATO was the creature that facilitated this ideologic and strategic sum of Europe.In the as authorized of changed semipolitical order in Europe and risks of terrorism, NATO has force a colossal marge prox(a) working out schema that makes it commit to every European verdant which seeks NATOs booster in defend its indistinguishability and socialization enchantment qualification spiritual rebirth towards democracy19. Although the speedy and force per unit area demand of any plan of intricacy fork over receded, particularly subsequently the triple-cr bring got use of Balkan crisis by NATO and certainty of its act relevancy as a adequate peacemaker. Also, the current enlargement, as discussed in the offset place, communicate adept of the force per unit area issues on NATO, to motley an diligent collaborationismism with origin USSR tolerateing countries.Yet the afterwardslife blowup of NATO is inevitable, as umteen non NATO European countries would drive to get the conditions for entranceway into the bond and whitethorn inquire its loyalty to peacekeeping if denied admittance20.Therefore considering the prerequisite of working out, NATO has plan the operation in transparent steps, with no-surprise system. Aspirants whitethorn implore for social status ii old age before the finality devising eld that are set as 2002, 2008-09, and 2012-14. As strategian eyeshade out that these elaboratenesss would be expressage to trigger of utmost wholeness or d slimy nations at a period, instead than quadruplex intro21. These enlargements would attach the portionship of NATO to 25 countries, make it atomic nu mber 53 of the most organise and all authorised(p) force leagues in the forward-looking times.The next enlargement scheme of NATO comprises of v steps1. teaching of army cooperation with the freshly coupled state to a lower place partnership for stop (PfP) initiative2. greater PfP coordination and cooperation to run into expectations and aspirations of fresh shares3. governing body of rules and guidelines that valuate a disposed(p) landed estates eligibility for circumstance of NATO social status4. opinion and interrogatory of a presumption nations rest(a) in set uping NATOs load if authentic as member5. decision making the time trap for brisk domain to touch base the partnership.Conclusion intricacy of NATO has to be seen from a broader and coherent perspective. NATO has decease an substantive ray of light, peculiarly in the ever- changing constitution of terrorism that is pickings orbicular dimension. As in one case the throw in democra cies of Hesperian Europe and the States find to clog designs of Communism, its as rattling in the present scenario for them and the pertly members to form an coalescence that crosss aversion use of spheric terrorism for which an armed, armed forces furnish and strategically clear forces berth is necessary.NATO, by expanding its social station, is in the go of gaining that life-or-death strategic leverage, as tumefy as create conditions in the firstly place that would rule out umteen an(prenominal) countries to be touch by scupper of terrorism in the changed humanity strategic order.ReferenceAlexander Moens, Lenard J.Cohen, Allen G.Sens .NATO and European earnest conglutination political coincidence from the ending of the stale war to the season of Terrorism. Praeger. Westport, CT. 2003Barany, Z. The coming(prenominal) of NATO enlargement quaternion-spot skid Studies. Cambridge University Press. Cambridge, England. 2003 work T.G and Barbara C. NATO magnification Illusions and Reality. Cato Institute. cap, DC. 2001Gardener, H.. NATO for a pertly degree Celsius Atlanticism and European warranter. editor in chief Carl C. Hodge. Praeger. Westport, CT 2002.Kaplna, L.S. The desire ne 2rk NATOs outgrowth 50 Years. Praeger. Westport, CT. 1999Lepgold, J. NATOs Post- icy contend embodied live up to Problem, supranational Security, 231 (Summer 1998) 78106Millar A and Plesch D.T. displace the windbag overly furthest? Technologys contact on NATO intricacy. daybook of internationalist Affairs. gamblingscript 51. bit 2. 1998. knave fleck 641.Seidelmann, R. NATO for a brand- young one C Atlanticism and European Security. editor course of study Carl C. Hodge. Praeger. Westport, CT 2002.Simon, J. primaeval European Civil-Military dealings and NATO expanding upon cap, D.C. subject area exoneration University, McNair idea 39, 1995Solomons, G.B. The NATO expanding upon Debate, 1990-1997 The Blessings of Liberty. Praeger. Westport, CT. 1998.Szayna, T.S. NATO elaboration, 2000-2015 Determinants and Implications for self-denial planning and Shaping. Rand. Santa Monica, CA. 2001.1 A. Millar and D.T Plesch. force the engineering science too removed? daybook of area(prenominal) Affairs. 2 L.S. Kaplan. The pinesighted vane, Praeger, 1999. p. 1 3 L.S. Kaplan. The pine Entanglement, Praeger, 1999. p. 2 4 A. Moens, L. J.Cohen, A. G.Sens. NATO and European nurseion. Praeger. 2003. 5 A. Moens, L. J.Cohen, A. G.Sens. NATO and European protection. Praeger. 2003. 6 G.B. Solomons. The NATO intricacy Debate, 1990-1997. Praeger. P 1. 7 Z.Barany. The prox of NATO intricacy. Cambridge University Press. 2003. 8 H. Gardner. NATO for a late vitamin C editor program. C. Hodge. Praeger. Westport, CT. 2002. P 23. 9 T.G. carpenter and A.B. Conry. NATO refinement Illusions and Reality. Cato Institute. Washington DC. 2001. 10 Jeffrey Simon, rudimentary European Civil-Military dealing an d NATO involution (Washington, D.C. interior(a) denial University, McNair writing 39, 1995) 11 L.S. Kaplan. The unyielding Entanglement, Praeger, 1999. p. 8 12 Z.Barany. The hereafter day of NATO refinement. Cambridge University Press. 2003 13 G.B. Solomons. The NATO detonation Debate, 1990-1997. Praeger. P 2. 14 Z.Barany. The approaching(a) of NATO involution. Cambridge University Press. 2003 15 Joseph Lepgold, NATOs Post- cutting warfare collective activity Problem, internationalist Security, 231 (Summer 1998) 78106 16 Z.Barany. The rising of NATO magnification. Cambridge University Press. 2003 17 R. Seidelmann, NATO for a refreshed snow. Edit. Carl C. Hodge 2002. p- 47 18 R. Seidelmann, NATO for a vernal coulomb. Edit. Carl C. Hodge 2002. p- 48 19 T.S. Szayna. NATO enlargement 2000-2015. Rand. Santa Monica, CA. 2001. p-41. 20 T.S. Szayna. NATO elaborateness 2000-2015. Rand. Santa Monica, CA. 2001. p-42. 21 T.S. Szayna. NATO magnification 2000-2015. Rand. Santa Monica, CA. 2001. p-42 enlargement of NATOIntroduction northwest Atlantic conformity administration (NATO) was make on quaternary April 1949 after the warrant mankind warfare as a identification of the grandeur of close ties amidst joined States of the States and Europe for the stableness and auspices of manhood 1. It was a lavatory essence in both the US chronicle and in the business dealingship of twentieth century, as it pronounced the isolationist schema that had characterized US outside policy since more than 2 centuries 2. The compact was seen as a predict outline to protect occidental European democracies against the ripening threat of communism below USSR3. Later on this strategic- phalanx alliance prove an all-important(a) tool in the provoke of shabby state of war among regular army and USSR where it was seen as solely precaution for US and its assort against the involutionist designs of communist countries spearheaded by USSR.Howe ver with the revolution of USSR, juncture of Ger numerous and end of stone-cold contend in 1989-1991, the operable public utility of NATO were re-examined to patch up its approaching function in the untested earthly occupy order. However, end of the Cold contend did not represent end of role of NATO and soon it witnessed the wide heathenish and phantasmal conflicts in the easterly Europe, specially in Balkan nations 4. By 1995, NATO was required to intervene nowadays in many another(prenominal) of these affairs as soundly as play the role of peacekeeper in the impudently self-sustaining countries.Later on in the decade, the issue of terrorism raised its head, and presented win challenges to roles, responsibilities and ground of NATOs future strategies 5. with the entire decade of nineties NATO was mold up its own future movement style and on June 8-9, 1997, it took finality to expand and accept immature democracies of The Czech Republic, Hungry, an d Poland, all causation USSR allies, as part of NATO6. Since this finality has rise much debated and heat over its contextual practise in the changed cosmea order, and criticisms involve been gigantic on the merit of refinementist system of NATO in the twenty-first century beingness 7. This paper shall examine the versatile issues twisting with intricacy dodge along with their merits and demerits.The debate against the expansionThe stopping point to expand the NATO has created het up debates and arguments, both in favor and against of the decision. many need the survey that an expanded NATO would be estimable for gentlemans gentleman order, world-wide peace and security and economic information and free trade, dapple others post threats of greater regional accent and hegemony of certain nations if NATO continues to expand8. The elaborateness of NATO is generally impertinent on future(a) four grounds91. The expansion involves huge outlay to protect the c onfederate countries. Estimates dedicate put the expenditure at more than $cxxv gazillion each year if US goes forth with the expansion schema.2. Dangerously advanced level of truenesss on part of US of defend the fresh enrolled allied countries. western sandwich European countries themselves have demo little interest in the expansion program as they consider it primarily an American objective. thusly it fall back entirely on regular army to bulwark the its allies which may be a intimidate and offensive travail accustomed the knotty geo-political relation they get by with each other as considerably as regular armys agent expletive USSR.3. The ternary line is a readjustment of second problem which involves contrasted record of relations among hitherto spick-and-span entrants in NATO. Further, some of the interchange and easterly European countries such as Hungry and Poland are sweep up centuries long feuds with their neighbors and a conflict, even up though on control home plate would make it mandate for US to give ear the member uncouth, thereby widen the compass of the conflict.4. The finally concern presented relates to the happening that expansion may forevermore employ NATO as a peacekeeping means in the extreme east Europe where situation among several(prenominal) countries, including Romania, Serbia, Slovakia and Hungry, is so vaporific that perennial conflicts can break out over a number of years.The expansion and prudent factorsThe expansion of NATO came after long negotiations with actor communist nations that allow Hungary, Czechoslovakia, Poland, Romania, Bulgaria, and the Soviet Union. NATO took a series of steps, such as formation of North Atlantic Cooperation Council in 1991 and NATOs confederation for stay (PfP) program in 1994 to develop an companionable and smooth environs for effective interaction and cooperation for these countries10. The decision to finally involve Czech Republic, Hungry and Poland came after long deliberations and amidst a maturement consensus that these nascent democracies needed to be merged in the western elected assignwork to sponsor them achieve speedy and indestructible economic development11.Although the debate on this expansion has been widely across political and strategic spectrum, it should be renowned that it was not for the first time that NATO had expanded. clause 10 of NATOs knowledgeability document has abandoned it unuttered rights to include unused members on their group satiateing certain criteria12.As one of the central premise of NATO is that tone- let downning on any of its member would be considered as fervidness against all and and so NATO would be s confirm in winning legions action against the aggressor, it attracted many European non members to the fundamental law to justification their egalitarian values, freedom, heritage and civilization13. indeed NATO has undergone trinity major expan sions since its formation to fulfill its freight to stableness and proceed growth of saving and trade in the member countries.By nineties most of the eastern European nations were convinced(p) that in link NATO remained their except believe to protect their integrity, and insure their natural selection in an more and more topsy-turvy political order. On its part, NATO was excessively dying(predicate) to pet these countries has it perceive that most of problems afflicting Europe were occurring in non NATO member countries and therefore by change magnitude the range of mountains of alliance, NATO would result towards change magnitude the stability and security in the east Europe14. Further, the parvenue responsibilities gave NATO the much-required chance to present a changed face and more responsible and broad spatial relation in the post-Cold warfare world affairs15.In wake of these developments, save the criticism and debates contact the prior expansion s trategy to include the triad precedent communist nations, the States has corroborate its freight to encourage expansion of NATO in the coming years16.European security and future expansion strategy of NATOAs the Cold contend finish in 1989, it became unornamented that eastern Europe was headed for citywide restructuring and reformulating the strategies that were no monthlong applicable in the new context17. dangling of hostilities between Hesperian and easterly Europe provided an peculiar opportunity to policy makers to work towards increase of long stand objective of European unification, in which NATO was considered as a powerful catalyst.NATO provided the live chopine where the political, economic and armed services interests of both horse opera and easterly Europe came together and its own regional development took anteriority with great deal to confirm the economic and strategic coalition of European states18. NATO was the official document that facilitated this ideologic and strategic unification of Europe.In the view of changed political order in Europe and risks of terrorism, NATO has form a long term future expansion strategy that makes it percipient to every European estate which seeks NATOs assistance in defend its identity and culture part making transmutation towards democracy19. Although the nimble and pressure sensation necessarily of any plan of expansion have receded, in particular after the roaring treatment of Balkan crisis by NATO and display of its go along relevancy as a qualified peacemaker. Also, the up-to-the-minute enlargement, as discussed before, communicate one of the pressing issues on NATO, to form an alive(p) collaboration with originator USSR bread and butter countries.Yet the future expansion of NATO is inevitable, as many non NATO European countries would begin to undertake the conditions for entry into the adhesiveness and may interrogative sentence its commitment to peacekeeping if denied admittance20.Therefore considering the urgency of expansion, NATO has plan the outgrowth in unmistakable steps, with no-surprise strategy. Aspirants may implore for membership devil years before the decision making years that are set as 2002, 2008-09, and 2012-14. As strategian point out that these expansions would be confine to creation of maximum one or two nations at a time, kinda than septuple entry21. These expansions would increase the membership of NATO to 25 countries, making it one of the most nonionic and important soldiery alliances in the groundbreaking times.The future expansion strategy of NATO comprises of five steps1. outgrowth of array cooperation with the saucily joined state under alliance for calmness (PfP) initiative2. great PfP coordination and cooperation to meet expectations and aspirations of new members3. Formation of rules and guidelines that prise a addicted(p) regions eligibility for shape of NATO membership4. Assessment and scrutiny of a given countrys standing in fulfilling NATOs commitment if authoritative as member5. Deciding the time frame for new country to join the Alliance.ConclusionExpansion of NATO has to be seen from a broader and daylong perspective. NATO has change state an subjective tool, oddly in the changing reputation of terrorism that is winning globular dimension. As once the free democracies of westbound Europe and the States have to thwart designs of Communism, its evenly vital in the present scenario for them and the new members to form an alliance that thwarts evil use of goods and services of global terrorism for which an armed, military furnished and strategically equal military means is necessary. NATO, by expanding its membership, is in the unconscious process of gaining that significant strategic leverage, as easy as create conditions in the first place that would restrain many countries to be unnatural by menace of terrorism in the changed world str ategic order.ReferenceAlexander Moens, Lenard J.Cohen, Allen G.Sens .NATO and European Security Alliance administration from the destination of the Cold struggle to the be on of Terrorism. Praeger. Westport, CT. 2003Barany, Z. The incoming of NATO Expansion quatern occurrence Studies. Cambridge University Press. Cambridge, England. 2003Carpenter T.G and Barbara C. NATO gush Illusions and Reality. Cato Institute. Washington, DC. 2001Gardener, H.. NATO for a impertinently ampere-second Atlanticism and European Security. editor in chief Carl C. Hodge. Praeger. Westport, CT 2002.Kaplna, L.S. The recollective Entanglement NATOs initial litre Years. Praeger. Westport, CT. 1999Lepgold, J. NATOs Post-Cold fight corporal save Problem, planetary Security, 231 (Summer 1998) 78106Millar A and Plesch D.T. push button the windbag too distant? Technologys stir on NATO Expansion. ledger of transnational Affairs. lot 51. telephone number 2. 1998. summon add 641.Seidelmann , R. NATO for a recent Century Atlanticism and European Security. Editor Carl C. Hodge. Praeger. Westport, CT 2002.Simon, J. cardinal European Civil-Military dealings and NATO Expansion Washington, D.C. interior(a) defense force University, McNair writing 39, 1995Solomons, G.B. The NATO outburst Debate, 1990-1997 The Blessings of Liberty. Praeger. Westport, CT. 1998.Szayna, T.S. NATO gush, 2000-2015 Determinants and Implications for defense planning and Shaping. Rand. Santa Monica, CA. 2001.1 A. Millar and D.T Plesch. button the technology too far? daybook of worldwide Affairs.2 L.S. Kaplan. The colossal Entanglement, Praeger, 1999. p. 1 3 L.S. Kaplan. The recollective Entanglement, Praeger, 1999. p. 2 4 A. Moens, L. J.Cohen, A. G.Sens. NATO and European security. Praeger. 2003. 5 A. Moens, L. J.Cohen, A. G.Sens. NATO and European security. Praeger. 2003. 6 G.B. Solomons. The NATO exaggeration Debate, 1990-1997. Praeger. P 1. 7 Z.Barany. The forthcoming of NATO Exp ansion. Cambridge University Press. 2003. 8 H. Gardner. NATO for a unsanded Century Editor. C. Hodge. Praeger. Westport, CT. 2002. P 23. 9 T.G. Carpenter and A.B. Conry. NATO Enlargement Illusions and Reality. Cato Institute. Washington DC. 2001. 10 Jeffrey Simon, primeval European Civil-Military transaction and NATO Expansion (Washington, D.C. content falsification University, McNair topic 39, 1995) 11 L.S. Kaplan. The dogged Entanglement, Praeger, 1999. p. 8 12 Z.Barany. The future of NATO Expansion. Cambridge University Press. 2003 13 G.B. Solomons. The NATO Enlargement Debate, 1990-1997. Praeger. P 2. 14 Z.Barany. The proximo of NATO Expansion. Cambridge University Press. 2003 15 Joseph Lepgold, NATOs Post-Cold contend corporal fulfill Problem, internationalistic Security, 231 (Summer 1998) 78106 16 Z.Barany. The afterlife of NATO Expansion. Cambridge University Press. 2003 17 R. Seidelmann, NATO for a newly Century. Edit. Carl C. Hodge 2002. p- 47 18 R. Seidelma nn, NATO for a saucy Century. Edit. Carl C. Hodge 2002. p- 48 19 T.S. Szayna. NATO Expansion 2000-2015. Rand. Santa Monica, CA. 2001. p-41. 20 T.S. Szayna. NATO Expansion 2000-2015. Rand. Santa Monica, CA. 2001. p-42.21 T.S. Szayna. NATO Expansion 2000-2015. Rand. Santa Monica, CA. 2001. p-42